ABSTRACT

SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM which is proposed herein uses smart sensors to gather fill-level data from containers and garbage bins, and send it to servers in real time.

Real-time servers which are situated in Waste Management Centers gather fill-level information sent from multiple containers which are situated throughout a city/locality.The data acquired as above, can be used to systematically plan route-map to collect garbage.

Secondly, people are unaware of locations of dustbins and garbage containers;hence find it difficult to dispose waste properly.Most of the times they end-up throwing garbage on open streets,which affect hygiene of city/locality.If people will be made aware of location of garbage bins,it will be easier for both collection and disposal.

MOTIVATION

 India with clean households has dirty streets, people find themselves lazy to throw away waste to garbage bins rather dispose waste in open. The county dreaming of smart cities not only has to have concern on electric power management, vehicle traffic and pollution management, water supply and management but also has to have a greater deal on waste collection –segregation – transport –disposal and complete control and management of these .

Hence it is highly essential to keep track on fill levels of garbage bins, intelligently plan collection routes, and optimize human and machine numbers and their work efficiency. Data-analysis done on information gathered in servers can be used for proper control, policy making and budget planning for maintenance of the complete system. This can very well be accomplished by the data gathered by the servers sent by smart sensors.

Collection based on route-maps planned on data gathered, reduces collection costs, vehicle count on task, emissions, road and vehicle wear, noise pollution. It also significantly reduces work hours and human resource assigned, which is a big saving in organization’s budget.

Both solutions which are proposed above in abstract are unique and efficient in complete waste management of a city/locality, which as a whole aids for maintenance of cleanliness and hygiene of city and also in proper waste management. 

LITERATURE SURVEY / PRIOR ARTWORK

 The following reports show that there is no centralized system for collection, transport and management of waste. The reports also indicate that, there is no master plan to eradicate the problem.

According to report of CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD on STATUS OF COMPLIANCE BY CPCB WITH MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) RULES, 2000,

·         1, 27,486 TPD (Tons per day) municipal solid waste is generated in the Country during 2011-12. Out of which, 89,334 TPD (70%) of MSW is collected and 15,881 TPD only (12.45%) is processed or treated.

·         House-to-house collection is most critical issue in the entire management of MSW.

·         Municipalities are well equipped with waste transporting vehicles, but many of them are not following the waste transportation norms like –transporting waste under covered conditions so that littering does not occur on the way and it should not be exposed to the public, arrange alternative vehicle while breakdown on the way, etc

According to Solid Waste India Review- 2008, by Mufeed Sharholy, Kafeel Ahmad ,Gauhar Mahmood  R.C. Trivedi,

·         90% of MSW is disposed of unscientifically in open dumps and landfills, creating problems to public health and the environment.

·         Stress on Data on quantity variation and generation are useful in planning for collection and disposal systems. With increasing urbanization and changing life styles, Indian cities now generate eight times more MSW than they did in 1947. Presently, about 90 million t of solid waste are generated annually as byproducts of industrial, mining, municipal, agricultural and other processes. The amount of MSW generated per capita is estimated to increase at a rate of 1–1.33% annually (Pappu et al., 2007; Shekdar, 1999; Bhide and Shekdar, 1998)

Above reports clearly urge for a centralized, scientific and smart collection, transport and disposal of waste and our project proposed concerns on collection and transport in initial stage and further developments on success can address disposal and re-cycling of waste.

PROBLEM STATEMENT - HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Problem Statement:

“To make current waste disposal system SMARTER using Internet Of Things (IOT), intern to have efficient way of waste management”.

Hardware requirements:

1.     Ultrasonic range sensor.

2.     GSM/GPRS 900A module.

3.     ATmega328P microcontroller /Arduino UNO.

4.     Database for server / Xively.com website

Software  requirements:

1.    Xively IoT Platform /PHP Server development tool like WAmpServer64 

2.     Embedded C development IDE for ATmega328P microcontroller /Arduino SDK.

3.     JAVA development kit(JDK) and Android Software Development Kit (ADK).

IMPLEMENTATION

In this project of SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM , we will be using ultrasonic range sensor to know the amount of garbage collected in garbage containers and this data is sent through GSM/GPRS 900A module to PHP server located at waste management centers [here from called as WMC]. To control this operation, we will be using ATmega328P microcontroller.

PHP server located at WMCs will receive real time data over internet through GPRS module and show fill-levels of each garbage bin in real-time on computer, which acts as server. This can further be developed to automatically trace route-maps to collect garbage from bins.

Secondly, Android app which is deployed on Smart phones enabled with GPS functionality, will trace current location of user using longitude and latitude information provided by GPS.

Complex algorithm will locate nearest garbage bin and informs the user on Google maps,to easily find physical location of nearest garbage bin. 

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Explanation of Block Diagram

Phase I

1.     Garbage bins located all-around the city will be fitted with ultrasonic sensor which senses garbage level in the bin and sends it to ATmega328p microcontroller.

2.      ATmega328p uses the information received from sensor, checks if it’s above upper-threshold level and sends it to PHP server using GPRS modem.

3.      PHP server receives information from microcontroller and displays it on computer screen and may also plan route-map.

4.      If garbage bin is emptied,microcontroller sets itself for continuous monitoring for next information on fill-levels.

Phase II

1.      Person having smart phone,which is GPS enabled and readily installed with developed app,taps on ‘finds nearest garbage bin’.

2.      App traces user’s current location,using GPS functionality pre-enabled in Smartphone.

3.      Complex algorithm finds for the nearest Garbage bin (each bin is assigned to a pre-defined and allocated location).

4.      The same is shown on Google Maps for higher user information accessibility,which is also a built-in feature of developed app.

FEASIBILITY

            Smart Cities are receiving huge attention and funding, some part of it can be kept aside for waste management system implementation. Bigger and huge garbage bins already situated throughout cities and towns need not be replaced but fitted with sensing units.

Initial cost for laying smart dustbins is the greatest problem for countries like India. People can take part in this initiative and the government can launch the mission using PPP Model where people, private players and public can take part to make this mission successful.

Corporate Companies can generously fund for this initiative on Corporate-Social-Responsibility Platform.

As there are more overweighing advantages than the cost of implementation, the government can support the implementation of this model with the findings from international organizations.